Copper and Fiber Connectivity in the Data Center
| Report Number: P-675-22 |
Price:
$5635.00
|
| Publication Date: July 2022 |
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Copper and Fiber Connectivity in the Data Center
How are high-speed copper and fiber optic interconnect continuing to evolve to support ever-increasing demand for higher bandwidth, signal integrity, longer reach, and increased face plate density while reducing total system power consumption and cost?
- What applications will continue to drive exponential demand for data center capacity and speed? Are active optical cables a long-term solution or a transitional tool between copper and fiber networks? How do thermal management issues impact I/O connector selection?
- What new fiber optic connectors have, or are being developed, to support the many new applications for optical links? Who are the manufacturers developing these and what key features do these interfaces incorporate?
- Have we reached basic technology limits? What is co-packaged optics (CPO) and how does this approach affect power consumption? Panel density?
- How have the current iterations of pluggable optical transceivers changed the market? What are the advantages of using pluggables?
- What are some of the electrical and mechanical limitations associated with using copper? How does cable weight and bulk affect things like weight and cost?
Bishop & Associates’ newest research report, Copper and Fiber Connectivity in the Data Center looks at what maybe the first steps of a major evolutionary change in the market for this class of interfaces. Be prepared for these steps. Order your copy of Copper and Fiber Connectivity in the Data Center.
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Copper and Fiber Connectivity in the Data Center
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 – Report Scope and Methodology
- Report Objectives
- Report Issues Explored
- Methodology and Approach
Chapter 2 – Executive Summary
- Executive Summary
Chapter 3 – Introduction
- Dominance of Copper Interconnects
- Signal Conditioning Technology
- Advanced Modulation Technology
- Channel Modeling and Simulation
- Limitations of Copper Circuits
- The Fiber Optic Alternative
- Pluggable Optical Transceivers
- Co-Packaged Optics (CPO)
- The End of Moore’s Law and the Shannon Limit
- New Optical Connectors Entering the Market
Chapter 4 – Data Center Architecture
- Overview
- Basic Data Center Architecture
- Cloud Data Centers
- The Rise of Edge Computing
- Evolving Data Center Trends
- Disaggregated Networks
- Distributed Networks
- Data Flow Direction Change
- “Flattening” of Data Center Architecture
- Telecom Network Architecture
- Challenges Facing Data Centers
Chapter 5 – Drivers of Data Center Growth
- Drivers of Data Center Growth
- Proliferation of Mobile Devices
- COVID 19 Global Virus Pandemic
- Cloud Computing
- Edge Computing
- Internet of Things (IoT)
- Industrial Internet of Things (Industry 4.0)
- Augmented Reality / Virtual Reality
- Proliferation of Sensors
- 5G Cellular Communications
- Expanded Broadband Availability
- Artificial Intelligence
- Ability to Support Next Generation Switches and Routers
- Autonomous Transportation
- Remote Healthcare Monitoring and Diagnostics
- Energy Reduction
- Imperative to Increase Capacity Now
Chapter 6 – High-Speed Copper Connectors
- High-Speed Copper Connectors
Chapter 7 – Enabling High-Speed Copper Connectivity
- Enabling High-Speed Copper Connectivity
- Advanced Signal Conditioning
- High-Speed Signal Measurement and Verification
- Scattering Parameters
- Advanced Signal Modulation Techniques
Chapter 8 – Advanced Fiber Optic Connectors
- Advanced Fiber Optic Connectors
- Multi-Fiber Connectors
Chapter 9 – Enabling High-Speed / Capacity Fiber Optic Connectivity
- Enabling High-Speed / Capacity Fiber Optic Connectivity
- Multicore Fiber
- Parallel Fiber Links
- Wavelength Division Multiplexing
- Coherent Detection
- Ethernet
- OIF Implementation Agreements
- COBO
Chapter 10 – Advanced Optical Fiber
- Basics of Fiber Optic Transmission
Chapter 11 – Copper and Optical Interconnect Standards
- Major Copper and Optical Communication Standards Organizations
- Ethernet
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
- Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF)
- InfiniBand Trade Association
- Ethernet Technology Consortium
- Fibre Channel Industry Association (FCIA)
- PCI-SIG
- Small Form Factor Committee
- “Open” Standards Organizations
- Open ZR+ Multisource Agreement (MSA)
- Open ROADM MSA
- Gen-Z Consortium
- Consortium for On-Board Optics (COBO)
- Open Compute Project
- Open 19 Foundation
- Open Power Foundation
- The Open Disaggregated Transport Network Foundation Project
- 800G Pluggable MSA
- Open EYE Consortium (Open EYE MSA)
- Open XR Forum
- Additional Standards Organizations Include
- Continuous-Wave Division Multiplexing MSA
- Terabit BIDI MSA
- Universal Chiplet Interconnect Express (UCIe)
Chapter 12 – Pluggable Optical Transceivers
- Why Pluggables?
- Evolution of Small Form Factor Pluggables
- Power / Thermal Management
- Increased Energy Efficiency
- Coherent Optical Transceivers
Chapter 13 – Electrical and Optical Connectivity Inside the Box
- Alternative Copper Solutions
- Evolving On-Board Optical Engine Architecture
Chapter 14 – Market Statistics
- Introduction
- World High-Speed Copper Terminated Connectors Used in the Computer Market 2019-2020
- World High-Speed Copper Terminated Connectors Used in the Computer Market 2020-2021
- World High-Speed Copper Terminated Connectors Used in the Computer Market 2021-2022F
- World High-Speed Copper Terminated Connectors Used in the Computer Market 2022F-2027F with 5-Year CAGR
- World High-Speed Copper Terminated Connectors Used in the Telecom/Datacom Market 2019-2020
- World High-Speed Copper Terminated Connectors Used in the Telecom/Datacom Market 2020-2021
- World High-Speed Copper Terminated Connectors Used in the Telecom/Datacom Market 2021-2022
- World High-Speed Copper Terminated Connectors Used in the Telecom/Datacom Market 2022F-2027F with 5-Year CAGR
- World High-Speed Copper Terminated Connectors Used in the Computer & Telecom/Datacom Market 2019-2020
- World High-Speed Copper Terminated Connectors Used in the Computer & Telecom/Datacom Market 2020-2021
- World High-Speed Copper Terminated Connectors Used in the Computer & Telecom/Datacom Market 2021-2022F
- World High-Speed Copper Terminated Connectors Used in the Computer & Telecom/Datacom Market 2022F- 2027F with 5-Year CAGR
- World High-Speed Fiber Terminated Connectors Used in the Computer Market 2019 – 2020
- World High-Speed Fiber Terminated Connectors Used in the Computer Market 2020 – 2021
- World High-Speed Fiber Terminated Connectors Used in the Computer Market 2021 – 2022F
- World High-Speed Fiber Terminated Connectors Used in the Computer Market 2022F – 2027F with 5-Year CAGR
- World High-Speed Fiber Terminated Connectors Used in the Telecom/Datacom Market 2019 – 2020
- World High-Speed Fiber Terminated Connectors Used in the Telecom/Datacom Market 2020 – 2021
- World High-Speed Fiber Terminated Connectors Used in the Telecom/Datacom Market 2021 – 2022F
- World High-Speed Fiber Terminated Connectors Used in the Telecom/Datacom Market 2022F – 2027F with 5-Year CAGR
- World High-Speed Fiber Terminated Connectors Used in the Computer & Telecom/Datacom Market 2019 – 2020
- World High-Speed Fiber Terminated Connectors Used in the Computer & Telecom/Datacom Market 2020 – 2021
- World High-Speed Fiber Terminated Connectors Used in the Computer & Telecom/Datacom Market 2021 – 2022F
- World High-Speed Fiber Terminated Connectors Used in the Computer & Telecom/Datacom Market 2022F – 2027F with 5-Year CAGR
- World High-Speed Cable Assemblies Used in the Computer Market by Region 2019 – 2020
- World High-Speed Cable Assemblies Used in the Computer
- Market by Region 2020 – 2021
- World High-Speed Cable Assemblies Used in the Computer Market by Region 2021 – 2022F
- World High-Speed Cable Assemblies Used in the Computer Market by Region 2022F – 2027F with 5-Year CAGR
- World High-Speed Cable Assemblies Used in the Telecom/Datacom Market by Region 2019 – 2020
- World High-Speed Cable Assemblies Used in the Telecom/Datacom Market by Region 2020 – 2021
- World High-Speed Cable Assemblies Used in the Telecom/Datacom Market by Region 2021 – 2022F
- World High-Speed Cable Assemblies Used in the Telecom/Datacom Market by Region 2022F – 2027F with 5-Year CAGR
- World High-Speed Cable Assemblies Used in the Computer & Telecom/Datacom Market by Region 2019 – 2020
- World High-Speed Cable Assemblies Used in the Computer & Telecom/Datacom Market by Region 2020 – 2021
- World High-Speed Cable Assemblies Used in the Computer & Telecom/Datacom Market by Region 2021 – 2022F
- World High-Speed Cable Assemblies Used in the Computer & Telecom/Datacom Market by Region 2022F – 2027F with 5-Year CAGR
Chapter 15 – Major Findings and Conclusions
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Copper and Fiber Connectivity in the Data Center
The data center has grown from its original concept as a central location for computing and storage hardware to the data center of today that is at the epicenter of connection of nearly every aspect of our digitized lives. Data centers have evolved from single client on-premises facilities that were isolated from the world to multi-acre hyperscale facilities that contain thousands of servers and act as nodes in a globally connected high-speed network.
The past 30 years have seen massive adoption of new computing technologies including virtualization that enabled dynamic adaptation to support constantly changing resource demands. Widespread adoption of the Internet and the literally millions of subsequent applications together with the advent of streaming video has driven Internet traffic to incredible levels. The transition to software defined and managed data centers increased the efficiency of modern data center infrastructure and ushered in the cloud and edge computing revolution, but we are only at an early stage in what will be required to support the workload expected in the near future. Looming on the horizon are emerging technologies including artificial intelligence, fully autonomous transportation, 8K video, Industry 4.0, and artificial reality that will demand incredible computing power delivered with nearly zero latency. The potential demands that the metaverse could add to the level of data center traffic is unimaginable. The infrastructure of the global data center network will be tasked with efficiency supporting these demands while addressing challenges in power and heat reduction, and improved reliability, while assuring absolute security. High-speed data links, both copper and fiber optic will play critical roles in achieving each of these objectives.
Copper based circuits have been the primary media choice for high-speed electronic signals within the data center since its beginning years. Copper conductors in printed circuit boards (PCB), wire and cable assemblies have a proven track record of reliability over many years. The technology is well developed and supported with decades of manufacturing experience available from a universe of global vendors.
Fiber offers multiple technical advantages including, near unlimited bandwidth, low signal loss and distortion over long distances, reduced size and bulk, as well as isolation from electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electrostatic discharge (ESD). Early glass fiber was extremely fragile, difficult to terminate and costly. Components required to perform the electro-optic conversion process at both ends of a link added to the power and heat budget, consumed valuable space as well as added cost. Fiber optic links filled a limited niche in long-haul telecommunication applications that could extend for hundreds or thousands of miles. To use copper cables in lengths that long would require many expensive amplifiers, making copper impractical especially in undersea cables.
In addition to the data center, emerging applications of fiber will initially be concentrated in select industries including high performance computing (HPC), military, and avionic. As experience is gained and component prices decline, commercialization will allow the migration of fiber into more mainstream equipment including embedded computers. Fiber to the home (FTTH) has already brought the advantages of increased bandwidth to millions of residents. It is possible in the future that as homes and offices in the past were wired with Ethernet cable, fiber will become a universal backbone of high-speed residential data distribution in the future.
This market research report identifies and compares the leading trends that are driving the consideration of fiber optic communication in an expanding range of applications that have traditionally been served by copper electrical circuits. Advances in optical hardware including connectors as well as transmission technology is discussed along with how future advances will enable support of evolving network traffic demands.
The long-predicted demise and replacement of copper circuitry by fiber optic alternatives, remains just that, but as bandwidth demands continue to rise, optical transmission will continue to offer a cost-effective alternative in a gradually increasing number of applications.
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